The answer is yes, at least according to Spanish sources.

In his account of the Court of Moctezuma, Emperor of the Aztecs, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, the author of The True History of New Spain, stated as follows:

“Sometimes at meal-times there were present some very ugly hump-backs, very small of stature and their bodies broken in half, who were their jesters, and other Indians who must have been buffoons, who told him witty sayings, and others who sang and danced, for Moctezuma was fond of pleasure and song, and to these he ordered to be given what was left of the food and the jugs of cacao.”

Bernal Díaz was an eye witness to these events (he was one of the Conquistadors). Although it is entirely possible he may have mistaken many of the Aztec customs he witnessed, and his account was written down fifty years after the events, this is pretty good evidence that the Aztecs, at least, had entertainers very similar to the European concept of the “jester”, right down to some with physical deformity (he mentions “very ugly hump-backs, their bodies broken in half”), others who told “witty sayings”, and still others who “sang and danced”.

It is interesting to see that these entertainers were specialized - the author distinguished between “jesters”, “buffoons”, singers and dancers.

It need hardly be stated that the European court jesters of the time would be quite similar: dwarves, those with physical deformities, the witty, singers and dancers - this was Court entertainment very much familiar to the Spanish writer (indeed it is so similar as to arouse a certain amount of suspicion that the author may simply be saying what would be familiar to his audience - as “Court life”).

The account is reproduced here in translation:

http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/sources/conquestofnewspain.html