After the Seven Years War (aka French and Indian War), New France became part of British North America -- known as Canada or "the Canadas". This included the Maritime colonies, Quebec (which then included S. Ontario), and the large swathe of rugged and sparsely populated territory from Hudson's Bay northwest to the Rockies known as Rupert's Land (this wouldn't be colonized until the 19th c.).

The province of Quebec was unique in that the French language, Catholic religion, property rights and civil code were respected after the Conquest and later enshrined in the 1774 Quebec Act. While all the major colonial administrative and military offices were held by the British (Catholics were still banned from these offices), French Canadians were permitted to hold minor and local offices in the province. Anti-Catholic discrimination was still embedded in British laws, so this situation was unique in the British Empire.

In the Maritimes after the revolution, many Loyalist refugees from America settled in the region -- the former Acadian residents were deported during the Seven Years War. These were accustomed to the 13 Colonies' assembly form of government. Although there were pro-Patriot agitators in the Maritimes, there was no real groundswell of support. Most residents were ambivalent about the Patriot cause and had also suffered from American privateering raids. Even Washington had a dim view of the chances for revolution there.

While there were provisions to permit legislative assemblies in Canada, the American Revolution prompted the British to impose a more conservative form of legislative government in Canada that enhanced the executive council's powers and authority, and limited those of the provincial assemblies. This power imbalance would cause tensions between the elites and the average citizens in years to come, boiling over into failed rebellions in 1837-38.

As more English-speaking, Protestant settlers moved into the Great Lakes region, the British decided to split Quebec into two colonies in 1791: Lower Canada, which would retain its French language and civil law; and Upper Canada, which would adopt British laws and government without restrictions.

While legislative assemblies existed, they wouldn't truly become "representative" of its citizens until the reforms that followed the Durham Report in 1839 (Britain's response to the rebellion in Canada.).

Before the revolution, the sparse population, the post-conquest "Quebec question", and limited settlement compared to the US, meant that the executive branch in Canada (Governor-General, provincial Lt. Governors etc.) exercised more powers and authority -- and were less accountable -- than their pre-Revolution counterparts in America with robust assemblies.