Interesting that you mention EU4, because most of the states in it are real-life rebellions that occured during the transition from Ming to Qing.

Shu - Two ethnically Yi chieftains in Sichuan were ordered to provide warriors to the Ming Dynasty to fight the Manchus in Liaodong in 1621. Gathering up their warriors, they surprised the magistrate by murdering everyone and proclaiming an independent kingdom. It took 450,000 soldiers to suppress the rebellion in 1629.

Shun - Started as a peasant revolt in Northern China by Li Zicheng in 1633, who captured Beijing in Apr 1644 and proclaimed himself emperor. A month later, the Manchu Prince Dorgon and Ming defector Wu Sangui evicted the Shun and created the Qing Dynasty.

Xi - Zhang Xianzhong, a peasant who fought alongside Li Zicheng, led his revolt South into Sichuan, which he captured in Sep 1644. In Jan 1647, he was invaded by the Qing and Xi was annexed.

Yue / Min / Dali - These represent the Three Tributaries, quasi-independent states led by defecting Ming generals like Wu Sangui, who had originally brought the Qing Dynasty to power in the first place. Emperor Kangxi had attempted to force the powerful Chinese lords into retirement in Manchuria, and instead they rose against him in 1673 until they were put down in 1681.

Jin - This represents the revolt of Wang Fucheng from the province of Pingliang, which spread to Shanxi in the North, in concert with the Three Tributaries.

Tungning - This was founded by half-Japanese admiral and pirate lord Zheng Chenggong, who invaded the Dutch colony of Taiwan and captured it in 1661. Tungning nearly also invaded the Philippines, but Zheng died of malaria before this could happen, and the kingdom was invaded by the Qing in 1683.