The short summary: (almost) everybody loved spear and bow. Swords were important - and often high-status - sidearms; their styles varied from region-to-region. Helmets and shields were common, and body armour for those who could afford it.

To look at some of the regional variation.

In northern Europe: Spear and bow ruled the battlefield. The sword (both straight double-edged swords - the classic "Viking" sword - and sword-sized seaxes)was also important. One-handed and two-handed axes were used. The sling was used. Armour would be helmet and shield, and sometimes mail (depending on the wealth of the soldier). Rarely, other types of armour appear to have been used (e.g., scale). This works as a general description of armour for most of the following regions, too.

In the rest of Western Europe, the crossbow was becoming an important military weapon in addition to the other weapons noted above. The sling was used.

In Eastern Europe, the spear and bow ruled the battlefield, but both saw much more use in the hands of cavalry than in Western Europe. The sabre was in use. In Rome (i.e., the Byzantine Empire), a variety of styles of straight double-edged swords were in use. Lamellar armour was in use, in addition to mail.

In the Near East, the spear and bow ruled the battlefield, again both in use by cavalry. Swords were usually broad-bladed straight double-edged swords. Again, lamellar armour was in use in addition to mail.

The Mediterranean region saw the use of Western European, Byzantine, and Near Eastern styles of swords. The sling was used.

Moving further east, Central Asia (including Iran/Persia, etc.) was similar to the Near East, but with significant numbers of sabres in use.

Even further east, in China, the crossbow was a major weapon (in addition to the bow). Both double-edged and single-edged swords were in use, both usually straight. Gunpowder weapons were in use, generally as incendiaries (fire arrows, the fire lance, and other incendiaries). Gunpowder may have already been used as a propellant (rockets, and possible fire lances that also shot projectiles), in the late 900s. Korea and Japan used elements of the Chinese arsenal, but perhaps not gunpowder, and the crossbow wasn't as important as in China. Mail armour was known, but lamellar was much more common.

Mail appears to have been uncommon in India. Other types of armour, such as scale, were used. Indian swords were often single-edged forward-curved or recurved.

Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia saw less use of armour.

Where metal technology was absent or rare, bow and spear were still common, and clubs were used instead of swords. The sling was often used. Australia stands out as a bow-free area, and spears, clubs, and boomerangs were used. The lack of metal didn't stop armour being used - rawhide, bone, and sometimes wood were used for body armour. In some places, the spearthrower (AKA woomera AKA atlatl) was used.