When researching the Soviet Union where does one find accepted translations of key government documents? For example, the different versions of the Soviet penal code, OGPU and Sovnarkom orders etc

by Indominus_Khanum

I am essentially translations that I can cite safely. For example I'm researching the establishment of the gulags and the wikepedia page points me to "The Gulag was officially established on April 25, 1930 as the ULAG by the OGPU order 130/63 in accordance with the Sovnarkom order 22 p. 248 dated April 7, 1930." and I wish to verify this by going through the transcripts of these documents, where can I find them? And if there's a particular article in the Soviet penal code that is relevant to my research and I want to be able to compare different versions of it based off amendments where can I find those?

I have also research come across mentions of "Declassified gulag archives" what exactly to these refere to and they publically available?

Kochevnik81

In answer to your last question first, there aren't "Gulag archives" per se: documents related to the administration of the GULAG system would be in the NKVD archives, which are currently part of the FSB archive system. Some of this has been declassified, some has not. I'd recommend checking out this answer I wrote on the Russian archives system and how its structured.

Specifically for digital copies of archival materials, and for reliable translations, I would check out two main US sources: Stanford University's Hoover Institution, and Yale University, as they have been involved in years-long projects to digitize and translate archival materials. In particular, Yale University Press publishes books of such materials, and they usually have Russian and English versions of the same works available. You might be particularly interested in their English language publication of Oleg Khlevniuk's History of the Gulag, which reprints at length English translations of primary source archival materials related to the setup and operation of the camp system.