They’re from 1917, and that’s all I know
Yes. These are the first standard issue identification tags prescribed by the U.S. Army, which were authorized by War Department General Order 204 (20 December 1906). Initially, one round aluminum tag stamped with the man's name and unit was to be carried by each officer and enlisted man:
An aluminum identification tag, the size of a silver half dollar and of suitable thickness, stamped with the name, rank, company, regiment, or corps of the wearer, will be worn by each officer and enlisted man of the Army whenever the field kit is worn, the tag to be suspended from the neck, underneath the clothing, by a cord or thong passed through a small hole in the tab. It is prescribed as a part of the uniform and when not worn as directed herein will be habitually kept in the possession of the owner. The tag will be issued by the Quartermaster's Department gratuitously to enlisted men and at cost price to officers...”
Change 1 to War Department General Order 80 (30 June 1917) and Change 2 to Army Regulations 58 (6 July 1917) authorized and described the issue of two tags for each man. Section VI of American Expeditionary Force General Order 21 (13 August 1917) authorized the issue of a second, square tag, as well as the issue of identification tags to civilians on duty with the AEF:
VI. The identification tag now prescribed for wear by officers and enlisted men will be worn also by all civilians attached to these forces.
The Quartermaster Corps will supply in addition, a second aluminum tag one inch square, with the same marking as that on the one now used, to be worn suspended by a cord one inch long from the bottom of the first or circular tag.
The two tags will be worn habitually by all members of the American Expeditionary Forces in France. Unit commanders will periodically inspect their men for the purpose of enforcing this order. Any violations of this order will be made the subject of discipline.
In the event of death of any member of the American Expeditionary Forces the second or square tag will be removed from the body and sent directly to the Chief of the Burial Department, American Expeditionary Forces, and the first or present circular tag will be buried with the body for identification purposes.
When Army Serial Numbers began to be issued in February 1918, they were to be stamped on each man's tags immediately per AEF General Order 27 (12 February 1918):
I....2. As soon as a number is assigned to a soldier it will become a part of his ofFicial designation, never changed, and never reassigned to another soldier. Immediately upon a number being assigned to a soldier it will be stamped on his identification tags and appear in a conspicuous place on all individual records of soldier, being used in connection with soldier's name in rolls, reports and returns in which his name appears. As a rule the number will be written, without parentheses, immediately after the surname, whether the surname is preceded or followed by the given name.
Paragraph 7 (n) of Section IV, AEF General Order 30 (15 February 1918), amended Section VI of AEF General Order 21 (1917) to read as follows:
(n) Identification Tags. Paragraph VI., G. O. 21, H. A. E. F., dated August 13, 1917, is hereby amended to read as follows:
(1) Two aluminum identification tags, to be furnished by the Q. M. C., will be habitually worn by all officers and enlisted men, and also by all civilians attached to the A. E. F.
(2) See Sec. II, G. O. 53, G. H. Q., A. E. F., 1918. [amended; see below]
(3) Unit commanders will periodically inspect their men for the purpose of enforcing this order. Any violations thereof will be made the subject of discipline.
(4) Reports having been received concerning the tendency to defacement of inscriptions on aluminum when tags are buried in direct contact with bodies, it is deemed advisable that tags should be worn outside the undershirt and so placed in case of all burials.
(5) In the event of the death of any member of the A. E. F., the second or duplicate tag will be removed from the body for record, and securely fastened to the name peg or stake which is used as a temporary marker for the grave, and the first or original tag will be buried with the body for identification purposes: the disposition of each of these tags being indicated on the Grave Location Blank, which is forwarded to the G. R. S, Hdqrs. L. of C., as provided in paragraph 7 (f).
General Order 30 (15 February 1918) was further amended by General Order 53 (7 April 1918) to read as follows:
II. Section IV, Par. (n) (2), G. O. No. 30, c. s., these headquarters, is amended to read as follows:
(2) Except in the case of the Air Service, both tags will be stamped with the name, rank, company and regiment, or corps to which the wearer belongs, and the second tag will be worn suspended by a cord one inch long from the bottom of the first tag.
Tags worn by members of the Air Service will be stamped with the name, rank, and the words "Air Service. A. E. F."
The matter of tag supply was was clarified by Section II of AEF General Order 91 on 10 June 1918, which stated that square tags would not be manufactured, and issued only until the present supply was exhausted. Unit stamping on existing tags was to be removed, with tags only to have the man's name, branch (in the case of officers), serial number, and "U.S.A.:"
II. Two aluminum identification tags, each the size of a silver half dollar and of suitable thickness, will be worn by each officer and soldier of the A. E. F. and by all civilians attached thereto. These tags will be worn suspended from the neck underneath the clothing by a cord or thong passed through a small hole in the tag, the second tag to be suspended from the first one by a short piece of string or tape.
In the case of officers, the tags will be stamped with the name, rank, regiment, corps, or department of the wearer and the letters "U. S." either in such form as " -- U. S. Infantry," "U. S. Air Service," "U. S. Tank Corps," or simply the letters "U. S. A.," when the officer is not a member of an organization, corps, or department.
In the case of soldiers, the tags will be stamped with the soldier's name and the letters "U. S. A." on one side and his army serial number on the other side.
The stamping on tags previously issued will be altered as far as practicable to conform with this order.
The square tags authorized by Sec. VI, G. O. No. 21., H. A. E. F., 1917, will be issued until the present supply is exhausted.
Section VI, G. O. No. 21, H. A. E. F., 1917, Sec. IV, Par. 7 (n), G. O. No. 30. and Sec. II, G. O. No. 53, c. s., these headquarters, are rescinded in so far as they may be in conflict with this order.
Paragraph 1 of Section III, AEF General Order 122 (26 July 1918) allowed the letters "C," "H," or "P" (for Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant) to be stamped on identification tags to facilitate a proper burial:
III. 1. To facilitate the burial of the dead the letter C, H, or P, indicating Catholic, Hebrew, or Protestant, may, at the request of the wearer, be stamped upon identification tag in addition to the marking now required.
Source:
United States Army in the World War, 1917-1919 Volume 16, General Orders, GHQ, AEF. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, 1948.