My dad guesses they sounded so different because many actors were originally stage trained, meaning they spoke and projected differently. I thought it was due to changes in recording equipment or evolution of the way the American accent sounds. Does anyone know? Are either of us correct?
While more can always be said, you might enjoy this older answer on a similar topic.
Why do actors talk so oddly in American 1950s sitcoms? from /u/Dont_Do_Drama.
These older posts might also be useful.