There were in some areas. Resistance was lowest in West Germany and Japan, where the Western Allies had effectively consolidated power in the hands of people who they had won over. There was some resistance - mostly nonviolent - against the Soviet Union in East Germany, and there were major insurgencies in Ukraine, the Baltics, and numerous Japanese-occupied territories, including Malaya, Indochina, and Indonesia. In the Pacific, isolated bands of Japanese soldiers continued to wage guerilla wars until the 1970s.
Germany: The insurgency that wasn't
German resistance to Allied occupation was limited despite extensive efforts by the wartime government to encourage it. In September 1944, Heinrich Himmler appointed SS Obergruppenfuhrer Hans-Adolf Prutzmann to begin a program called Werwolf based on the Soviet Partisans and British commandos. In October, Himmler provided the analogy behind the program's name, proudly declaring that "Like the werewolves, courageous volunteers will harm the enemy and cut off his lifeline". The werwolf program was eagerly taken up by propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, who also created the fabrication of the "Alpine Fortress", a mountainous redoubt in Southern Germany where the Nazis would retreat, and, with the assistance of "werewolves", continue the war.
The program turned out to be mostly bluster, as it was badly organized and underfunded from the start. The program was forced to compete with the Wehrmacht and SS - far more proven forces - for wartime resources. By October of 1944, only 5,000 volunteers had been raised, mostly young men. In response to this, the German government sent orders for the Wehrmacht to select "brave soldiers of all ranks who are suitable as leaders of [Werwolf] troops" to join the force as cell leaders. Volunteers were trained by a staff run by Otto Skorzeny in the camps of SS hunting associations, while the Wehrmacht was forced to provide food. Wehrmacht members ordered to join the force were trained separately in an army school in Jablonove, modern day Slovakia. Problems with the plans for Werwolf were not just limited to a lack of manpower and resources, but a lack of real coordination - recruits were found by Gauleiters, basically the party's regional administrators, and by necessity the organization was decentralized. This is normal in insurgencies, but did not fit with Himmler's strategic vision - Himmler had conceived Werwolf as a way to attack at the flanks and in the rear of enemy spearheads, enabling some form of German counter-encirclement. This was impossible to coordinate due to the nature of the organization.
Despite its weakness, Werwolf created a stir in Western press and allied commands, with Dwight Eisenhower expecting a protracted insurgency as his forces invaded Germany. By 1945, the organization had largely been crushed, but reprisals against German civilians aimed at crushing Werwolf holdouts continued for years. In the Soviet zone, boys as young as 13 were arrested on suspicion of being partisans, with many detained in the Bautzen I facility, nicknamed the "Yellow Misery". 10,000 others were transferred to Soviet gulags, and only released in 1950. The Western allies were not free of reprisals either, with Britian detaining youths in the Bad Nenndorf internment camp, which was only closed in 1947 despite minimal violence throughout the entire British occupation.
Scholars have proposed numerous reasons why a Nazi insurgency failed to materialize, including lack of support for the party in the wake of a catastrophic defeat and the nature of the allied occupation. The consensus among German scholars today trends towards the latter. While the Nazis had in some ways been discredited by defeat in the war and the revelations of widespread war crimes, a decade of heavy-handed state propaganda was difficult to expunge, and post-war opinion polls conducted by the Americans revealed that a large number of Germans were still antisemitic and willing to defend Hitler during the occupation. By contrast, the allied occupation in many ways was a "good" one by the standards of modern counterinsurgency at a time when counterrinsurgency had not yet entered popular terminology and no textbook on the practice existed. Unlike many recent counterinsurgencies, both the Allies and Soviets deployed hundreds of thousands of troops to Germany for internal policing operations, which was probably the single most important reason for their success. They were able to rapidly establish internal security, addressing the historic link between insurgency and bandit activities.
The Western allies, unlike the Soviets, were also able to propel into power allies who agreed with their priorities but were simultaneously acceptable to most of the German people. Konrad Adenauer, a longtime dissident who had failed to assassinate Hitler in 1944, headed the pro-Western Christian Democratic Union Party, which remained the ruling party until 1965. In 1948, the American Marshall Plan greatly assisted Germany's economic recovery, and economic reforms by West German financial authorities stabilized the situation in living conditions.
The Soviet regime, in contrast, was more heavy handed but nevertheless able to handle dissent through "traditional" counterinsurgency and suppression methods. In theory, the Soviet occupied zone was run by longtime German communist Walter Ubricht, but in practice the top authority was General Vasily Chuikov. The Soviets until 1953 exacted harsh reparations on East Germany, leading to strikes. Dissent was further expressed through large numbers of people fleeing to West Germany. To address this problem, the Soviets initiated Aktion Vergeziefer, literally "Operation Vermin", a little-known act outside Germany in which 12,000 people along border settlements were forcibly deported to the interior. This made the act of escape much more difficult.