I am an avid lover of Mad Men, which has a reputation for its attention to detail but occasionally misses the mark.
I've noticed that most of the women, when talking on the phone, remove and replace the earring on their dominant side in one swift movement. To me this implies that most upper-middle class American women in the late '50s and early '60s wore clip-on earrings, but I can't seem to find confirmation.
Can anyone confirm the most common types of earrings worn by women in the upper-middle class before the counter culture movement of the '60s?
There's always more to be said, but you might be interested in my answer to How and when did pierced ears become socially acceptable for women in the West? It deals with the transition to screw-backs and clip-ons in the early years of the twentieth century, and the transition back to pierced ears in the late 1960s. Clip-on earrings were hugely popular during the Mad Men period, as can be seen when you check out the earring bin at any vintage jewelry store.