Yes, there were districts of London in which Jewish immigrants predominated, and where Yiddish was widely spoken. Many were slum areas and it is reasonable to describe them as "ghettos" in the sense of being very predominantly Jewish, though while anti-semitism was real enough in this period, it was also not the case that the Jewish community in London was shunned, nor that there was no integration between immigrants and indigenous Brits.

The area most associated with Jewish immigration, especially in the latter decades of the 19th century, was the East End, and particularly the adjacent communities of Spitalfields and Whitechapel. A high proportion of incomers were Russians fleeing the pogroms that followed the assassination of Alexander II; others were Polish Jews expelled from Prussia in 1886; there was no bar to free immigration to Britain until 1905. Many used London only as a transit point for an eventual onward journey to the US, but about 120,000 settled in London, working predominantly in small scale clothes trade sweatshops, as they would also do in New York. By 1900, about 95% of the population of Spitalfields was Jewish, and there were Yiddish language newspapers and theatres in the area. Jewish foods and kosher slaughterhouses were commonplace as well.

For the most part, Jewish areas of London were regarded as peaceable and law-abiding and there was little friction between immigrants and the police, though by the early 1900s concerns over the presence of communist and anarchist groups in London were rising. They were, however, extremely poor, and living conditions were basic in the extreme. For example, most immigrants, according to one report made to Charles Booth, the mapper of London's poorest districts, "usually live on specked potatoes, stale bread, wurst (a kind of sausage), bagles (a light kind of bread), wh. [sic] they soak in soup made up of the coarsest parts of animals, stale or decayed fish, i.e. they have very little ‘legitimate’ food."

Sources

David Englander, "Policing the ghetto: Jewish east London, 1880-1920," Crime, Histoire et Sociétés 14 (2010)

L.P. Gartner, The Jewish Immigrants in England, 1870-1914 (1973)

Lee Walker, The Victorian Dictionary