No, because the Manifesto had almost no impact when it was first published. It wasn’t even in print for most or perhaps all of this period. In fact, Manifesto had almost no impact for the first twenty-five years its existed, and only became really important when it was reprinted widely in Germany after in 1872. There was a small-run English-language edition published in London in 1850, but the Manifesto wasn’t even published in America (again, in a small edition) until 1871.
See my full answer here:
Marx himself became somewhat better known with the founding of the International Workingmen’s Association in 1864—for instance, when Marx wrote a letter congratulating Lincoln on his second electoral victory in the name of Workingmen’s Central Committee, the American ambassador responded (you can read both the letter and response here)—but, while this letter was published in some American newspapers, Marx himself probably wouldn’t be a household name in Germany even until likely the 1870’s at the earliest and the rise of the first Social Democratic Party. The first Communist Party, we should add, wouldn’t gain prominence until the Russian Revolution in 1917, long after Marx’s death in 1883.
A year ago I answered a related question ("How likely would it have been that average Civil War soldiers (both Union and Confederate) would have hear, read, or believed in Karl Marx's ideologies during the civil war?") and it actually came up (by /u/mikedash) that most of Marx's contributions to the Tribune were not bylined at all, so an American reader would not in fact know who wrote most of Marx's articles whomsoever, much less be familiar with their reputation as a radical political activist in Germany.
Interpreting the question more broadly as "would Americans be familiar with Karl Marx," the answer is still pretty much "no." As /u/yodatsracist points out, the Communist Manifesto was not particularly famous either in Europe or America, but Marx was well-known in German radical circles, and a number of German radicals emigrated to America in the aftermath of 1848 (including his friend Joseph Weydemeyer). They would be familiar with Marx primarily as the editor of the Neue Rheinische-Zeitung rather than a contributor to the Tribune or the author of the Manifesto. At the end of the day though, this is a very small slice of the population.