Yes. Since the founding of New France, the colony was regularly caught up in conflicts with the great powers at the time, including England, Spain and Holland. They fought France both on the European continent to thwart Louis XIV's territorial ambitions, and in proxy wars by attacking and raiding French possessions in the Caribbean and in North America, which were more vulnerable. This coincided with the Golden Age of Piracy, roughly 1650-1720. The colonial powers often used privateering as a way to supplement and support their meager military forces in North America. It was also profitable.

The War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1712) found New France in dire straits as the mother country was too busy defending its own frontiers and could spare little to defend her North American colony. The Governor-General of New France, Philippe Rigaud de Vaudreuil, knew this was a weakness and encouraged young men to become privateers. They would receive a letter of marque granting them license to attack and seize ships from the enemies of France. Vaudreuil even funded raids with his own money. This era saw the peak of privateering in the Canadas.

Privateering in New France also occurred during the War of the Austrian Succession (1744-1748), as French privateers raided British frontier settlements and ports in New England and the Maritimes. This war proved costly as Britain captured Newfoundland and the Hudson's Bay region from New France.

National navies were becoming more robust in the 18th-century and the use of privateering had already begun to wane. This would set the stage for the Seven Years War, where both Britain and France fought one another around the globe and poured much blood and treasure into the conquest of North America. Britain prevailed in taking Quebec in 1759, but the French army remained in the field. The British navy's defeat of the French navy in the Battle of Quiberon Bay ensured that no French reinforcements would arrive. The capitulation of French forces at Montreal in 1760 and subsequent 1763 Treaty of Paris would soon seal the fate of New France and mark the rise of British rule in North America.

(EDIT: The last gasp of privateering in the Canadas occurred during the American Revolution and War of 1812, when both British and American privateers attacked enemy ships and seized prizes in the Maritime colonies, New England and in the Atlantic.)

*Source: Privateers Encyclopedia: Conflicts. virtualmuseum.ca. 2006.