If he knew the circumference of the earth, would he not have realised he hadn't traveled far enough to cross both the Atlantic and the Pacific? Also, did people just think there was a massive ocean the size of the Atlantic + the Pacific + the Americas?
Columbus thought he had sailed around the globe to land in Indonesia; that wouldn't happen if the earth weren't round, and the voyage to Indonesia was the whole point of his travels. He both overestimated the size of Eurasia and underestimated the circumfrence of the Earth. I wrote about this here.