Can you expand a little bit more on what you mean by "modern capitalism"? There's quite a lot of variety both between countries and over time. The UK for example saw extensive nationalisation of large companies in the 1950s and 1960s, followed by de-nationalisation in the 1980s and 1990s, and of course most UK healthcare is supplied by the NHS. Sweden has extensive government ownership of businesses even now, but as a relatively small country many of its businesses operate in international markets and thus have different incentives and information to the classic image of government ownership.

[ETA: hope this meets the criteria for follow-up questions of demonstrating my knowledge base.]