Best sources on vikings in England?

by Alex_of_Denmark

I'm about to do a project on Beowulf with emphasis on how the vikings that travelled to England affected the English people, and if/how that has bearing on how they chose to represent vikings in Beowulf.

So, what are the best sources on vikings in England?

y_sengaku

I compiled this small book list for the Vikings in England, though originally primarily for not so academic readers. As for your study project, I'd strongly recommend to begin with D. Hadley's The Vikings in England: Settlement, Society and Culture, Manchester: Manchester UP, 2006 that offers an academic overview of the topic. It is also good to search some other essay collection edited by her (Hadley).

I can also mention a few more below, but they are clearly only for the starting points for your project. It should also be noted that Hadley's book rather focus on the 9th and early 10th century, so if you are mainly interested in the Vikings' activity around 1000 (i.e. the so-called 'Second Viking Age'), some additional books especially on the Late Anglo-Saxon England in general will also be useful for the project.

  • Chase, Colin (ed.). The Dating of Beowulf. Toronto: UTP, 1981: Namesake essay collection by L. Neidorf from D. S. Brewer (2014) might also attract attention from you.
  • Cooper, Janet (ed.). The Battle of Maldon: Fiction and Fact. London: Hambledon, 1993.
  • Roach, Levi. Aethelred the Unready. New Haven: Yale UP, 2016.
  • Williams, Ann. Aethelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. London: Hambledon & London, 2003.
alriclofgar

One thing you should consider is when, precisely, Beowulf was composed.

The physical manuscript of Beowulf was almost certainly written after the Great Heathen Army invaded England, but the poem itself was very likely completed several centuries earlier--perhaps as early as the beginning of the 8th century (making our only surviving manuscript a copy, not the original). This is a contentious debate, however, and some scholars think Beowulf may post-date the Danish invasions. I personally think Beowulf pre-dates the invasions, so any references to Danes in the poem would have nothing to do with Viking invaders (instead, they reflect 8th-century networks of commerce, migration, and elite gift-exchange around the North Sea zone).

(Note that this is a separate argument from the debate about whether or not Beowulf drew on earlier oral traditions. I don't have an opinion on that debate. The question is when, precisely, the current version of the text was composed--8th century vs. 10th.)

For the early dating of Beowulf, check out Neidorf et al. 2014. The Dating of Beowulf.

But also a must-read critical review of that book: Abram, C. 2015. Review of Leonard Neidorf, (ed.) The dating of Beowulf: A reassessment, Saga-Book, 39, 133– 37