I’m not sure that you’re looking for a historical answer here, really, unless you want to ask about when the tradition of preserving rhyme schemes in translations started.

As you pointed out, it doesn’t seem natural that verse would rhyme in two different languages; this is because it usually doesn’t happen naturally (at least not wholly). If a poem rhymes in a language it has been translated into, it is almost certainly due to the translator intentionally doing so (although here and there, they might be helped by part of the translation rhyming on its own).