I'm also looking for recommendations for further reading, particularly some that really get into it from a management and logistics standpoint. Something nitty gritty enough that you can learn from the way they did things and apply them today.
I've long been interested in this question, but now that I work at a massive company where people constantly miscommunicate and it takes ages to get things done, I'm extremely curious as to how these logistical feats were achieved in such an incredibly short time. How did the correct information get passed around? How were all of the material/personnel/equipment requirements handled in an era where email, Slack, video conferencing, etc. didn't exist?
I think the book you want is Maury Klein's "A Call to Arms: Mobilizing America for World War II"
It's got a lot of Bureaucratic detail about how the major war boards, temporary government agencies for coordinating production, were setup and run. As you might expect, the process of converting huge swaths of the civilian economy to a war footing was highly political and deeply imperfect.
One thing that helped was rationing at the raw material level. By controlling which firms could be allocated raw materials, the war boards forced firms to "come to them" with ideas of how to convert their plants to war production. A firm that would try to produce refrigerators would simply get no allocation for steel and copper and their labor force would be conscripted, effectively putting them out of business. A refrigerator firm would simply have to find a contract for an aircraft subsystem or other war work they could produce with their production line or go out of business. Firms scrambled to find niches for themselves and the government and large contractors setup clearinghouses for information on available war contracts and subcontracts. So the system had strong incentives, and of course many people had patriotic feelings as well.
For the small details of how communication worked in various hierarchies, you may want to look into individual case studies of certain WWII defense programs. I know that there are some good works out there on Ford's Willow Run B-24 production line, and the Higgins boat amphibious landing craft program gets written about a lot. I have a vague sense that the more hierarchical nature of American Industry in mid-century made it a bit easier to get all the important decision makers into a room or on a phone call, but the wartime economy is so large in scope that this sort of generalization may not be very useful.