There is a body of European folktales, ATU 1365, which deal with the contrary wife. The following summary of three variants - together with many examples - is offered at the site with this link; it comes from Hans-Jörg Uther, The Types of International Folktales (Parts I–III) (Helsinki: FF Communications No. 284, 285, and 286, 2011). :
Type 1365A: A man's wife falls into a river, and he seeks her upstream, explaining to the incredulous onlookers that she was too contrary to drift with the current.
Type 1365B: A man and his wife have an argument about how something has been cut or broken. She maintains that it was done with scissors, but he does not believe her. Their argument intensifies, and he finally pushes her into a pond. The woman, even while drowning, has the last word; she reaches two fingers above the water and makes the sign of a pair of scissors.
Type 1365C: A woman calls her husband a lousy rascal, and he responds by pushing her into a pond, but she still gets the last word by extending her arms above the water and pretending to crack a louse between her thumbnails.
The distribution of these stories suggest considerable age and is one way to tackle the answer to your question. This doesn't take us definitively to ancient times, but Uther cites medieval sources. In addition, the wide distribution hints at the possibility of even greater age. Perhaps an authority on ancient sources will recognize these motifs and provide examples.
The stereotype of the "hen-pecked" husband is very common in Greek New Comedy and Roman Comedy, meaning it goes back at least to the 4th century BCE.
A prime example is in the beginning of Plautus' 'Menaechmi' ('Brothers Menaechmus'), when a husband leaves his house and says to his wife:
"For as often as I wish to go out of the house, you are detaining me, calling me back, asking me questions; whither I am going, what matter I am about, what business I am transacting, what I am wanting, what I am bringing, what I have been doing out of doors? I've surely brought home a custom-house officer as my wife; so much am I obliged to disclose all my business, whatever I have done and am doing." (verses 114–118)
Later in this play, the wife summons her father to complain, and he rebukes her:
OLD MAN
Do you ask me? ... unless you don't wish. How often have I told you to be compliant to your husband. Don't be watching what he does, where he goes, or what matter he's about.
THE WIFE OF MENAECHMUS of Epidamnus.
Why, but he's in love with a courtesan here close by.
OLD MAN
. He is exceedingly wise: and for this painstaking of yours, I would even have him love her the more.
THE WIFE OF MENAECHMUS of Epidamnus.
He drinks there, too.
OLD MAN
And will he really drink the less for you, whether it shall please him to do so there or anywhere else? Plague on it, what assurance is this? On the same principle, you would wish to hinder him from engaging to dine out, or from receiving any other person at his own house. Do you want husbands to be your servants? You might as well expect, on the same principle, to be giving him out his task, and bidding him sit among the female servants and card wool. (787–97)
Discussion of this type can be found in Erich Segal's "The Menaechmi: Roman Comedy of Errors," Yale Classical Studies 21 (1969) 77-93 as well as in George Duckworth's 'Nature of Roman Comedy' pp. 283–5.