Yes, that is true (that they were blamed, not that they caused it). There was a discussion with sources about this issue on an earlier thread here:

Did the Jewish population fare better against the bubonic plague than the rest of the european population due to religion-required hygiene?

. . . as always, more can be said about a topic as broad as this, but take a look at the earlier thread and see if that answers your question.

In particular, one of the sources cited in the earlier answerCohn, Samuel K. “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews.” Past & Present, no. 196, 2007, pp. 3–36.

I'm actually going to answer your question with a solid "kind of." As you can see from my response here, while surrounding Christians justified their murder of Jews by stating that they caused the plague, the true reasons why they murdered them were probably quite different.