I wrote about this here before: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/f5lzi8/re_wwii_us_bombing_on_tokyo_directly_following/fi1a8rg/

I mention it briefly in that answer, but yes, the raid did have a massive psychological and moral impact on the top Japanese commanders. It's hard to explain exactly what role the Emperor played in the Japanese psyche -- /u/restricteddata has described his role as something like the Constitution is to Americans; what would America be like if the Constitution did not exist? And so the idea that he could have been hurt or killed and that the army/navy did not defend the Imperial Palace was an enormous loss of face for military leaders. The tightening of defenses around the Home Islands was a result of this, as was the acceleration of the strike on Midway.