The wikipedia page, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity, has only one line which claims
Around 600BC, Thales of Miletus discovered that rubbing amber caused it to be able to pick up leaves and dust.
But it doesn't expand or explain what it was attributed to at the time.
Do we have any idea of what ancient peoples' (of any civilization) thought caused static electricity or static discharge?
More input is always welcome; in the meantime, I commend to your attention this previous answer from u/hillsonghoods.