What were the standards of proof in premodern courts before forensic science? How would, say, a fair Roman court reasonably determine that someone had committed a crime? | AskHistorians Archive Observer

What were the standards of proof in premodern courts before forensic science? How would, say, a fair Roman court reasonably determine that someone had committed a crime?

by PablomentFanquedelic

WelfOnTheShelf

There have been a few previous answers that might be helpful here:

How easy was it for fugitives to evade capture in the Roman Empire? by u/mpixieg

How were crimes investigated in Roman times? by u/AwesomeDog59

And a couple by me:

Prior to DNA evidence, finger prints, etc. how did they solve murders and actually know if they convicted the right person?

I'm living in Ancient Rome and I just murdered someone. What chances do I have of getting caught?