The Third Reich’s Wehrmacht has a largely modern perception of being vastly technologically superior to the western allies. Was this the sentiment at the time as well?

by zc17

Did the western allies feel they were going into battle against a far more technologically advanced enemy? Was there a sense of being overwhelmed by German technology?

Jon_Beveryman

Whether this applies to the 'Western Allies' is a bit semantic, but - during the first period of the war, Soviet troops did certainly feel overwhelmed. Reports of "tank shock" abounded as Red Army infantry, often caught flat-footed without their own armor support due to endemic maintenance problems, panicked at the sight of Wehrmacht armored formations. Artillery commanders bemoaned their lack of shells, as the chaos of the invasion clogged supply lines and left batteries unable to provide adequate fire support. Tank formations, deficient in radios, found themselves unable to coordinate tactical maneuvers nearly as well as the Germans, with often devastating results. All aspects of the Red Army learned to dread the sound of aircraft engines, as they were almost inevitably Luftwaffe bombers. However, all of these feelings relate to a quantitative mismatch at the front rather than a qualitative overmatch. In general, even in the dog days of the initial period of the war, Soviet riflemen trusted their rifles, their machine guns, their cannons, and their tanks. I don't know of any direct accounts from the crews of Soviet light tanks - the outgunned or obsolete T-26, BT-7, T-60, etc of the early war - but the crews of the newer T-34s and KV heavy tanks tended to fight confidently and aggressively even in spite of their lack of radios or adequate training. They did not abandon their vehicles at the first sign of a German tank, and for good reason - these vehicles far outmatched the German vehicles of the time, and were often only knocked out by heavy field artillery (assuming the crews didn't abandon them due to running out of fuel or ammunition first, of course). Soviet aircrews did feel outmatched by their Luftwaffe adversaries in the early war, however. The Luftwaffe were better trained and battle-hardened, and their aircraft in the early war were qualitatively superior to Soviet fighters. Soviet pilots apparently made a dark pun out of the LaGG-3 fighter's name, calling it the "Lakirovanny Garantirovanny Grob," or "guaranteed varnished coffin" owing to its wood-resin construction and lackluster kinematic performance.

Soviet troops did often take boots from the bodies of dead German soldiers, particularly in the harsh Stalingrad winter, but by and large the Red Army's infantrymen seemed to like their winter gear. The greatest deficiency in individual equipment were the poor food rations - barely-edible combinations of каша (a buckwheat porridge) and rendered fat abounded. The Germans were not substantially better fed, however, having resorted to eating horses when they ran out of local produce to loot. By the middle and late periods of the war, the technological edge had certainly shifted toward the Soviet favor, as well. The ability of Soviet industry to mass-field submachine guns was noted by fighting men and commanders alike; the PPS-43 was well-liked for its firepower and relative ease of maintenance (although anecdotally, from people who have fired museum copies, the trigger is quite unpleasant). Soviet armor, too, improved dramatically. Newer T-34 models had greatly improved reliability both as a result of factory quality control and improved logistics, and the T-34-85 (introduced late 1943) featured one of the the absolute best tank guns of the war. Soviet artillery had improved technologically and in terms of logistics; the Katyusha multiple rocket launchers, trialed early in the war, had matured significantly and were a potent threat during the 'break-in' assaults at the start of Soviet offensives. The ability of Soviet industry to supply huge quantities of ammunition was key for the increasingly complex artillery preparations that preceded Soviet assaults, in some cases becoming so effective that the assault echelons found no remaining resistance in the first German defensive belts. By the last two years of the war, although the Wehrmacht was still a dangerous opponent, Soviet fighting forces could see how battered the German supply situation was and generally felt as though they outmatched their opponents technologically rather than the other way around.