I'm sure that there was some resistance to the Europeans after the initial resistance had been broken, either from former soldiers or now repressed workers and/or slaves, but were there any large scale revolts, which had at least theoretical change for success?
reposted because the original post was deleted due to my poor choice of words.
Large-scale revolts? I'm not sure of that, but there were certainly successful resistance movements.
The Mapuche are known for their resistance to the Spanish and later to Chile. Although the encyclopedia article on his life doesn't mention it, this guy is known for having been eaten alive by the Mapuche. So although this isn't necessarily a large-scale, organized resistance, that doesn't mean that it wasn't successful. Despite Spanish presence in Chile as early as the 1500s, the Mapuche remained more or less independent until the 1800s, when the Chilean government settled them on reservations. I would consider 300 years of resisting colonization pretty successful.