It is generally hard to rigourously attribute a country's economic outcomes to any particular event, people make confident claims but from a comparative view point it's typically easy to find another country that had a similar event but a different outcome. In the case of the USA in the 1920s this was before modern statistical collections for economic statistics too, making assessments harder. 

That said, it seems fairly clear that WWI led to a shift from the US's economy being a net debtor to a creditor, internationally, taking over the UK's role in that respect. The UK had to liquidate their overseas holdings to fund their war, and then their disastrous attempt to return to the gold standard in the 1920s harmed British investors even more. New York stepped into their place, as the financial centre in the largest industrial country unscathed by the war.

Hugh Rockoff also argues that the experiences of government planning during WWI, though unwound rapidly after its end, gave an ideological boost to later government planning efforts under Franklin D Roosevelt's administration, though he notes that Woodrow Wilson's administration was eager enough to experiment without said background. 

Rockoff also notes that the US government borrowed to finance its war effort, and while government spending was scaled back after the war, taxes were higher to repay the debt, which was significant (though much lower than WWII debt). 

So, in summary, WWI gave a boost to New York as an international financial centre. 

Sources

Rockoff, Hugh, 2004, Until it's Over, Over There: The U.S. Economy in World War I, https://www.nber.org/papers/w10580

Rockoff, Hugh. US Economy in World War I. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. February 10, 2008. URL http://eh.net/encyclopedia/u-s-economy-in-world-war-i/