Yes. There were several successful Neolithic societies in the Iberian peninsula. Most famous is the Chalcolithic Los Millares culture near Almeria in Andalusia, 4th millennium BCE to about 1800 BCE. They were part of the larger "Beaker culture" of the late Neolithic. At Los Millares are many tholos-style tombs with varied grave goods suggesting social stratification. Like many similar civs of the time, they were megalith builders and in this case constructed massive walls with bastions. Also like others, they engaged in a mix of agriculture, herding, and gathering, and dabbled in non-wheel ceramic production and, in this case, some limited metallurgical experimentation with copper. Also like most of these sites, their sophistication should not be underestimated but is also generally overstated by eager excavators and national interests.

They were supplanted about 1800 BCE by the El Argar culture, a Bronze Age civ marked most distinctly by their bronze work, particularly weaponry. They also show further sophistication in ceramic technologies.

About 1300 BCE, the Argarian civ seems to experience a sharp decline, and in its place an extension of the Urnfield (Celtic) Culture of Europe pushes in. In this period belongs the "Atlantic Bronze Age," which had connections with the British Isles and Brittany. The Celtic presence would be be supplemented by further Indo-European migrations and eventually form the Celt-Iberian group, which was present in many scattered "tribes" and distinct areas upon the arrival of the Phoenicians in the 9th-8th century. Some non-IE groups arose or persisted in spots, especially in Portugal, and the transition from "Bronze Age" to "Iron Age" was not fluid or uniform across the peninsula as a whole.