Specifically looking for any existing syllabi or lists of books that were often taught.
I apologise because I don't have my exact resources to hand. Early I8th century you're likely not looking at education other than apprenticeships, you are born into families and take on the job or find a job locally. This is likely why there's surname concentrations, and the surnames that relate to jobs (I. E. Cook) or features (I. E. Black) which a family would naturally share. Then as education became more widespread it'd be limited to primary school education, with secondary schools becoming available as grammar schools you had to pass an exam to get access to and then had to pay to attend. Most poorer people didn't get access to education until around 1870 (bar volunteer schools). There were grammar schools available, which you would pay to attend. You'd get educated in Latin, literature and classics with Anglocentric history and arithmetic thrown in. Its widely considered a classical education, and were managed largely by the trustees of the school although syllabus could be changed by the government. At the start of the 18th century lessons could be taught completely in Latin, at the end there was a stronger tenancy for English. French and dancing was also taught as those were skills a young gentleman in those societies would need, grammar schools were entirely aimed at meeting those expectations and also getting students into university. (to find this information I used 'The English Grammar School Curriculum in the 18th Century: A Reappraisal' by Richard Thompson, it's on jstor but its not free) In the 19th century a lot changed for education but in brief public schools became more exclusively upper class, they'd teach you Latin and classical education alongside sports. They tended to be based in the country side, and boys were kept under constant supervision from masters and prefects. Grammar schools became more accessible for the middle classes, which were still aimed at teaching classical education although they remained in urban areas. Those who were newly wealthy tried to integrate themselves into the upperclasses by also sending their children to public schools rather than grammar schools. All these educations aimed at landing boys jobs as gentlemen. If you want exact examples and copies of syllabus and educational materials use the British Library archives. Just go to search their main collection and order the search results oldest first. This won't help as much for 18th century as the oldest entry is 1842 but will help gain understanding. It may also be worth contacting local archives to see if they have copies of syllabus and educational books, same goes with university archives - my university still has all the old engineering books (they were a technical school). To be fair, you might be able to find a few of the actual books kicking about second hand book stores.