One of my favourite posts on AskHistorians is by /u/wotan_weevil who explains how large casualties by vitamin b deficiency in the 19th century lead to western curry (made with curry powder) being introduced to Japan via the British navy!

There will be more to say, of course, but – while you are waiting for other responses to your question, you might like to review this earlier answer, in which I explored the culinary fertilisation (mainly in the shape of sausages, pastries and fancy cakes) that resulted from the internment of German servicemen captured by the Japanese at Qingdao (Tsingtao) from 1914-21.