How does one living in the Roman Empire (say, around 40AD+/-20) prove his or her identity? Conversly how does one assume new identity to escape past misdeeds?

Was Latin called Latin during the Roman Empire? If not what was it called and when did it change?

What qualifies someone to call themselves a historian? I'm going to be finishing my bachelor's in history next year but I feel like I need to have some work published before I can actually call myself a historian

Since there's no classical evidence of the "Roman Salute", do we know any gesture Romans would have used as a mark of respect to authority or as a greeting?

Who was the last known European knight to go from page to squire to knight and fight in war?

I'm preparing for my maturita exam and today I was learning about french revolution. I found one fun fact. Before Louis XVI was executioned, his hair was cut off (or his ponytail). Can somenone please explain me why they did it? I think that his ponytail was something like his symbol or symbol of a monarchy power, but I'm not sure. Thanks historians!

Why was the Thomson submachine gun called 'Chicago Typewriter'?

Has the 3/5 compromise in the US Constitution ever officially been nullified? And has there been any debate about doing so?

I know the 13th amendment outlawed slavery and presumably rendered the compromise null, but say, for instance, that the 13th amendment was repealed. Would the 3/5 compromise still be in effect?

What is the best , accessible, book on China in the last century, particularly the rise of Mao and through to the cultural revolution?

I’m most interested in the cultural revolution but I’d like some background too.

Which correlation between the Gregorian and Mesoamerican Calendars (specifically the Tonalpohualli & Xiuhpohualli) is the more accurate (in relation to that used by the Mexica & Nahua from Central Mexico)?

Did any Knights that were at Tannenberg/Grunwald in 1410 fight at Agincourt in 1415?

Who is the oldest person filmed still currently living, from surviving film reels that we know of?

not sure if there's any evidence to base an answer on, but why not. what were the social mores surrounding public masturbation in Greece, Athens specifically, circa 350 BC?

I'm hitting the high points of The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, and while skimming Reddit's favorite chapter of that book, I'm struck by the fact that Diogenes of Sinop could get away, or at least be plausibly rumored to get away, with masturbating in the marketplace. would doing so be as much a breach in etiquette then and there as it is now in many societies? and if so, was it reasonably common; analogous to, say, being subjected to someone masturbating on a NYC subway? Laërtius notes multiple times that the man faced repeated rebuke for eating in the marketplace, so did it just go without saying that cranking one out was a massive faux pas?

According to Wikipedia, Nazi official Otto Bräutigam claimed in 1943 that he had read a report about a conversation with Himmler in which the latter expressed the intention to send Totenkopf death squads to kill about 80% of the British and French after the war was over. The citation given doesn't seem to be accessible online.

Did the Nazis really intend this? It seems extremely cruel even by their standards, given that it surpasses the planned genocide of the "subhuman" Slavs in terms of the proportion killed. This Bräutigam seems to have been critical of the Nazis' genocidal policies to an extent. Maybe he made it up?

What's the origin of bacon? Is it really Chinese or do they just have the first recorded instance of it? I would lean towards the former given charcuterie history in EUrope and bacon is just a cured pork belly (that exists in many different indigenous European forms - salo, pancetta etc)

Has "Roman Revivalism" been an active political force in Italy (or nearby states) on par with Nazism and ethno-nationalism in the wider world since WWII. Would irredentism be the correct term here, or is it inappropriate due to the discontinuity even the Italian Empire had from the Roman Empire?

This question was motivated from how curious it seemed to me that many post-roman European nations (including the HRE) aspired to be the successor to the Roman Empire, yet most calls for re-claiming old empires these days seem to be racially based / connected with messages of racial purity.
It feels sensible that the USSR would want to reduce roman influences such as religion and the old order of things, so wouldn't place importance on Moscow as Third Rome anymore. Similarly it makes sense that Turkey mightn't've inherited the aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, especially as they aimed to be secular and modern.

I don't have a direct quote, but Robert Conquest is said to have given the postwar British secret service as an example of "The simplest way to explain the behavior of any bureaucratic organization is to assume that it is controlled by a cabal of its enemies." Did he claim that and is it correct?

I was listening to Joe Rogans podcast at work and I heard him say that Hitlers youth got dogs as pets. When 5 years passed they was ordered to kill them.

Is there any truth to this?

Can anybody recommend a good read on the fall of empires? My interests are mostly in the Late Modern Period (Second French Empire being the genesis for this question; please no Rome).

Thanks!

at the end of this week's episode of rick and morty in the final sequence it says that Yahweh is "based on the fusion of a sumerian god ya and a mesopotamian god named weh".

I did some googling but couldn't find anything about this. Were they just making that up? the wiki yaweh page does not concurr any of this

Where did Hitler get the term 'Nazi' from? Did it make it up himself? Did that word have any meaning before he began to use it? Also, side question, but I remember watching a documentary on WWII a few years ago and it said that Hitler hated the communists, but I'm learning now that the Nazis were a socialist party.

Was that true, and if it is, have socialists and communists always been against one another? I'd have thought by their similarities there'd be some understanding or something.

Good Afternoon

I’m trying to find out more details regarding my units patch, specifically what type of helmet is represented in my patch. What time period is it from? What culture is it from? We have a vague history of our emblem referencing it as a “knights helmet” but that is as detailed as it gets. Since it is a unit patch, it’s not going to be accurately represented but hopefully it will give an idea. I’m just curious about it and would like to know more.

Picture of Patch

As castles transformed into star forts; Did they become easier or harder to take by storm?

With their lower, sloped walls I could see it easier for soldiers to climb and take the battlements.

But I can also see cannon & other firearms keeping troops so far away that siege would be the only real option.

Did siege craft and siege defense regress in the transition?

at the end of this week's episode of rick and morty in the final sequence someone tells Jesus that Yahweh is " based on the fusion of a sumerian God named "ya" And a mesopotamian God named "way."(I just found a transcript online, i don't know if the spellings are correct).

I did some googling but couldn't find anything about this. Were they just making that up?

British east india company fleet size

Specifically just before the battle of plassey

What unit system was predominant among US arms makers during the World Wars? If Imperial, did this cause any problems for SI-using recipients? If SI, why?

Has anyone one here ever heard the story of the American man who managed to become incredibly wealthy off a series of increasing "dumb" investments that would miraculously wind up working out for him. I seem to recall him investing in something to try and sell to London which everyone mocked him for, but when he arrived London was recovering from either a strike or a fire and so he was able to name his price for his product. I'm sorry I can't remember anything else useful. I seem to recall reading about him on some list on the internet somewhere so he may not even be real, but I'm curious if anyone else out there may have heard of someone vaguely familiar?

Any recommendations for an accessible "intro" to world history? I've been woefully exposed to history after high school and kinda wanna get a wide view of everything before diving into specific topics

I was wondering what were some Russian names given to places in Alaska? I know that Novo-Arkhangelsk was the former name for Sitka, but what are some other ones?

Can someone recommend me site or a document containing maps of Japan during the Sengoku period with detailed territorial changes?

I'm watching the movie Midway and the pilots are always bringing a sort of removable plate with them in the plane. It seems to be fit in front of them. What is its exact use?

An ancestor of mine was listed in a Daughters of the American Revolution lineage book as someone who "served in the Burgoyne [a British general] campaign." Does the DAR accept descendants of those who fought for the British, or does "served in the Burgoyne campaign" imply he served in defeating the Burgoyne campaign?

If Abraham Lincoln was unpopular at the time, how did he get re-elected easily in 1864?

Sort of a meta question but is there some way to sort the AskHistorians Podcast episodes by popularity or views? I'd be curious to see which episodes proved to be most successful or attracted the most popular attention.

I’ve heard it said (mostly by chefs) that some of the crusades were actually about spices. Now, there’s a lot to be clarified there, I’m sure. I don’t want to get into that right now. All I want to know is, what spices would we be talking about?

Was Mansa Musa preceded by Mansa Muhammad Gao or his uncle Abu-Bakr? I would really like to consult "Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History" by Nehemia Levtzion but all the libraries are closed nearby.

People often refer to Abu-Bakr as his successor but I cannot find evidence of this. Gomez, Levtzion, Bell, and others say he never ruled. I've consulted all the texts available online or that can be purchased as ebooks, but I really need to read Corpus in order to be sure to view the translations firsthand.

Sidebar: Does anyone know where "Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History" can be purchased online?

Thanks in advance.

Who was the earliest born human to ever be recorded on audio?

I know of the earliest born human ever photographed being Conrad Heyer the American Revolutionary War vet who was born in the mid-1750's and crossed the Delaware with Washington being photographed in 1853 and some 114 year old lady being born in the 18th century being videotaped in 1904. I'm really curious to the earliest born human ever recorded? I understand the first audio recording was Au Claire de la Lune in 1860 but I'm unsure if Martinsville (the creator of the phonautogram) would be considered the earliest born human being that was audio recorded. Anybody have a clue as to whom it might be?

In books and newspapers from 200 or more years ago, I frequently see references to "the Floridas". Did there use to be more than one Florida for it to be referred to in plural form, as in "the Carolinas" and "the Dakotas"?

If a prisoner refused to carry his cross after being sentenced to crucifixion, how would they punish him?

In WW2 could a sergeant promote a private to corporal?

Who is this person? https://i.imgur.com/D9ZkcBT.png

When and how did the Romans and Chinese people first meet?

Has there ever been a superpower (global or regional) that gave up prominence peacefully, or do they always end in huge wars? I recently read a quote (Ryan Enos, political scientist) that stuck out to me. Assuming the premise is true, I want to know if the US could "abdicate" global leadership peacefully.

another trend that has become more acute during the Trump presidency, which is the glaring abdication of global leadership by the United States