Contact between Natives and Europeans in the Northmost part of Canada is related mainly to whaling, fur trapping and exploration - both land and sea - of the Arctic Archipelago in search for the elusive Northwest Passage (an atlantic-pacific navigable route).

I'm going to talk a bit about the latter.

John Franklin, a 19th century explorer, employed a tribe called Yellow Knives to hunt and generally aid them during his land expedition. He was expected (to much of his and their chief's annoyance) to give gifts of alcohol upfront. It happens that the tribe expected the chief to broke a favorable deal in term of gifts and whatnot, sort of cultural thing developed at this point. In turn, he expected Franklin to provide it. Something the Victorian fellow didn't quite understand and thought to be greed, leading to a bumpy relationship.

Eventually the journey went awry as his supplies never managed reach him and the Yellow Knives, who were expected to hunt and make pemmican, weren't holding their end of the bargain.

As soon was discovered, the Yellow Knives were mostly dead. They caught an unknown contagious disease (probably from the Europeans) and their custom was to destroy everything (i.e. tents) and neglect their duties as a form of grief... in the middle of the Arctic Winter.

That's an instance of contact between Europeans and Natives and how the former could affect the latter.

Generally speaking, either west or northwards there was little to no contact between Native tribes and Europeans. During his voyage, Inuits attacked John Franklin because they never seen such amount of iron and cool utensils and they tried to kill them for it. Iron tools in these places was most useful as one can imagine.

Europeans often brought iron nails as gifts and were much appreciated. This certainly was a game changer for some tribes in the tech field. However, some already had tools made of metal from fallen meteors. I believe Sir John Ross notes this in his "Arctic Highlanders", a long isolated Inuit tribe.

In terms of actual learning, Anthony Brandt (author, The Man Who Ate His Boots), notices that neither the Europeans nor the Inuit learned much from each other.

Explorers didn't adopt these people's knowledge... Their insulated houses, seal fishing, travel style and sledding were for long ignored.

On the same note, Inuits didn't adapt their ways to the technologically advanced Europeans. They had a noted habit of eating EVERYTHING available. They didn't stored food or rationed, even when the cold climate made easy to do so. Many died, resorted to cannibalism or kill themselves out of desperation or grief.

This is a very narrow answer to a broad questions, but I hope it had some insight for you.