Recently I read Norman Cantor's "Inventing the Middle Ages". It's a history of Medieval Studies in the 20th century as seen from the lenses of the biographies of a dozen or so individuals, focusing on their development, the historical trends, their relation with the culture and events of the past century etc. I had know Pfeiffer's two volumes on "The History of Classical Scholarship", but that goes up until the 1850s. I was wondering if there is anything like that for the 20th century, or at least if anything comes close.
If you're interested in the history of Egyptology, Fagan's The Rape of the Nile is an accessible single-volume overview, though it focuses primarily on Egyptian archaeology. Jason Thompson's three-volume history of Egyptology is also excellent.
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology 1: From Antiquity to 1881
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology 2: The Golden Age: 1881–1914
Wonderful Things: A History of Egyptology 3: From 1914 to the Twenty-first Century
Wilson's Signs and Wonders upon Pharaoh (free PDF) is a fairly readable and engaging history of American Egyptology up to the 1960s.