• The AskHistorians FAQ has an excellent section on PTSD in pre-20th century eras.

• /u/hillsonghoods investigates the possibilities of talking about PTSD in history in this Monday Methods post

I have a couple of earlier answers related to medieval depictions of hell before Dante. They both describe how post-1000 depictions of hell are firmly rooted in very early Christian texts--the Apocalypse of Peter, Gospel of Nicodemus, and so forth:

• Where did Christians get the idea that Satan rules hell?

• Since most of our physical and visual perceptions of hell come from Dante or later works, what did earlier medieval European Christians associate hell with in a visual or physical sense?

For what it's worth, my answer about Satan as the ruler of hell is one of my all-time favorites.

I hope these are helpful!