In a genetic sense? We need to look into history first.

It is well-known that Anatolia was majority Armenian and Greek until 1066. After Manzikert Turkish Oghuz Nomads came to dominate parts of Anatolia, while they remained in the minority, they ruled as the upper class over a christian majority. It should also be noted that many parts of Anatolia were also abandoned by Christian Inhabitants who retreated to the safety of larger towns, which allowed nomads to come in with their herds.

In the following decades of Manzikert more and more nomads settled in the Rum (Roman) Sultanate, while Greek and Armenians converted to Islam and adapted to using turkish, the language of their rulers. In time, these converts would regard themselves as Turks, though there were also many greek-speaking Muslims and turkish-speaking Christians. So this was not a black/white issue.

Furthermore many other groups would also migrate or be shipped as slaves into Anatolia: Arabs, Iranians, Caucasians, Africans and Slavs/Albanians from the Balkans. Since Anatolia is a landbridge between Caucasia, South Europe and the MENA this is not a suprising development.

In genetic tests, the majority of turkish shared similar haplogroups with neighbouring peoples with minor influence from Central/West Asian haplogroups. Therefore, it can be concluded that genetically not much remains of this turkic genetic influence, while cultural practices and the language itself still persits.

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Rudi Paul Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia is a nice source.

Here is a genetic study concerning the subject: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4