Armies in the west rank a major higher than a lieutenant, but a lieutenant general is higher than a major general. When and why did this arrangement come about?

by [deleted]
TywinDeVillena

At least in Spain it doesn't happen. The ranks of the generals in the Spanish army are: General de brigada (brigadier general), general de división (division general), teniente general (lieutenant general), general de ejército (army general), and capitán general (captain general).

The rank of captain general of the armies is reserved to the King, as he is the commander in chief of all the armies in Spain. However, the governors of the military regions are styled "captain general of the X military region" despite having the ranks of lieutenant generals. The rank of army general is a functional one reserved for the chiefs of staff (jefes del Estado Mayor).