The Боевой Состав Советской Армии (The Combat Composition of the Soviet Army), a detailed postwar study by the Voroshilov Military Academy, is available freely online. It breaks down the exact composition of every Red Army formation in the field, month by month, down to component divisions or brigades for major combat arms like infantry and armor, and as far down as individual companies for special/independent attached forces (like a special tank company attached to a rifle corps). These charts don’t tell you the actual strength of the formations, though. For that your best bet would be Grigory Krivosheev’s works on Soviet casualties, as he by necessity includes some measures of “bayonet strength” in his casualty assessments. I don’t remember how fine-grained his bayonet strength numbers are; I think division level, but I’m not positive.