If the Byzantines referred to themselves as Romans, how did the rest of Europe refer to them, particularly within the Holy "Roman" Empire? | AskHistorians Archive Observer

If the Byzantines referred to themselves as Romans, how did the rest of Europe refer to them, particularly within the Holy "Roman" Empire?

by AccomplishedBuffalo5

WelfOnTheShelf

This is a huge and complicated topic so lots more can always be said, but I answered something similar recently, which might be helpful:

What did the other people's of Europe call the Byzantine Empire? Did it differ depending on who you asked and were there any changes as the empire dwindled?