While there are similarities in the development between Europeans and the Haundeonsaunee and other Native peoples, I think we must be careful in this blanket assertion. The application of Eurocentric viewpoints to the culture of the Haudenonsaunee has and is a great problem in the practice of history. With this said, there are parallels, but we must also understand the differences.

A big difference is that the Haudenonsaunee and the whole of the Americas for that matter did not have the animals of burden that we associate with the development of 'primative society' (I use quotation marks for the word primative is reductive and is a word used by Europeans to show cultural superiority to justify their colonial expansions.) So with the lack of the animals of burden we can already start to see the vast difference in development that the Haudenosaunee experienced to that of Europeans as it limited their development and their ability to sustain larger populations at no fault of their own. The lack of the horse and other animals of transport is also of importance for this again limited their area of expansion.

To call the Haudenosaunee a primitive society on contact is also something I would encourage you to reconsider. If you look into the maize domestication within America there underwent selective breeding to great extent. Whats more is the use of the agricltural technique companion planting,a polyculture, instead of a monoculture, more commonly known as the "Three Sister Crop". The Haudenosaunee would plant the three plants together as this would aid in replenishing the soils as well as aiding the shoots above ground as well. They also would practice the swidden technique (Slash and burn) understanding that if they farmed too long in a single area the crop would be negatively effected. From where I stand the agricultural practice seems rather complex with a depth of understanding that came with generational agricultural experiences. While it is different to that of Europe, with the tools they were given, they achieved much in terms of agriculture. There have also been discovered a vast network of trade pathways, with the use of wapum and other forms of currency with archeaological discoveries of pieces of gems and stones coming from vast distances across the continent to the Haundensaunee. Again, These networks indicate a more sophistiacted continent then what the early European colonist wanted to let on. For they wanted it to seem that they were a savage people that would gain from the civilalising and conversion to Christianity, the 'Jesuit Relations' comes to mind.

The notion of clans and tribes also being a sign of primativity is also something that I would encourage you to think about and research more. The tribal system of the Haudenosaunee was relatively complex. It was a matrilinal society, immediately setting it apart from that of Europe. While there are many different theories on the reason for this, a general consensus is that it was the introduction of maize leading to a reduced reliance on hunting, which effected the gender roles(Such as S. Prezzano discusses in her chapter in Women in Prehistory: North America and Mesoamerica, edited collection by C. Claassen and R. Joyce.) Therefore, the role of women within their society increased and this is what led to the increased social power of women as they controlled the majority of the food supply. On top of this, we must also consider the complex system of checks of power that the confederacy had. During a meeting of the representatives of each tribe to discuss policy and action, the Seneca and Mohawk (The two larger tribes) had to agree with each other first, and then the Cayuga and Oneida had to, with the Onondaga able to call for a second debate on the matter at hand. This effectively meant that the two more powerful tribes could not force the smaller tribes to choose a side which could result in the break down of the confederacy or effectively a civil war. Many historians and anthropologists and politicians have even gone so far as to call the Haudenonsaunee the the birthplace of American democracy, DeWitt Clinton compared them to the Romans of America ("Discourse Delivered Before the New-York Historical Society: At Their Anniversary meeting, 6th December, 1811," by DeWitt Clinton). However, again this is conveying the message that they were behind us on the timeline of development, which is again reductive.

So to try and pinpoint a similar period of European history is not something that is that easy. If we were to a take a Eurocentric stance, we could call them a primative society/noble savages and point to them being behind us on the line of cultural development to as you said 'stone age' level, but that is to convey the message that European history and culture is superior and what we should strive for. Which should not be the case, different is not worse. There is much we can learn from the Haudenosaunee and other Native Peoples. There is no great blanket culture across the American continent, each with different social structures and practices, agricultural and hunting practices as well as religious. While they were limited to more basic tools, their cultural and social developments were not what one might consider normative of the stone age and the development of matrilineal socities should show that the patriarchal development of Europe is not the only way.

If you are interested in further reading into the subject I would say: D. Richter's Ordeal of the Longhouse is a great general history to start with.
In terms of more niche topics,
S. Stevens article I found very interesting on 'The Historiography of New France and the Legacy of Iroquois Internationalism' and was a good place to start when wanting to further ones understanding of how the Haundeonsaunee used diplomacy to gain a power position within the European colonial thearte, playing the French and English against each other to gain the most for their confederacy. Also R. Aquila's 'Iroquois Restoration: Iroquois diplomacy on the colonial Frontier 1701-1754' is another insightful book.
The religious aspect is always interesting, the folklore gives great insights into the moral and ethical thinkings of the Haundeonsaunee, but due to them being originally 5 peoples, I would reccommend you to consider each peoples folk lores seperately.
Warfare of the Haundeonsaunee has been touched on greatly, books like "The bloody Mohawks", "Faithful Mohawks" and D. Barr's "Unconquered: The Iroquois League at War in Colonial America".