If I were injured in medieval Europe and became a quadraplegic, what would my life be like?

by MaryMaxima
PeculiarLeah

I can add a bit as a historian and medical history fan. During the medieval era spinal injuries, particularly those resulting in quadriplegia were considered among a category of injuries “not to be treated” essentially patients would be given the medieval version of what we would now call hospice care because the injuries themselves, along with complications were not considered survivable. Even today certain high level spinal injuries can be difficult to survive, my dad is an EMT and they still have a saying that goes “C5 stays alive” meaning that a patient who’s injury is at the fifth cervical vertebrae or below is likely to make it to hospital, while those with higher injuries are far less likely to. During the medieval period in Europe the condition of medicine was abysmal by modern standards, but this does not mean that nothing at all would be done. Care, particularly care to keep the patient comfortable and to do whatever was felt to be effective would have been done when possible but ultimately the patient would fall victim to their injuries, likely within hours or days. In fact many spinal injuries were not survivable until the Second World War and the widespread use of antibiotics to treat secondary infections. However, if we look at other causes of quadriplegia, particularly those that do not come with a loss of sensation, such as cerebral palsy or polio, the likelihood of survival increases because things like bladder infections and skin infections are somewhat easier to prevent. Because these medical terms are a 19th century invention, differentiating between conditions causing the same symptom is difficult, and unfortunately, a tendency not to focus on disabled people, both historically and today has lead to a difficulty in studying disabilities, and particularly severe disabilities such as quadriplegia before the 19th century. The fact that an injury to the spine causes paralysis had been known since ancient times, the earliest medical text documenting it, the Edwin Smith Papyrus, dates back to 3000 BC, and the use of traction to attempt to stabilize the spine dates back to writing by Hippocrates. Outside of Europe, traction would have been used in some parts of the world during the medieval period, however long term survival was still impossible. In fact as late as 1918 some 80% of spinal injuries were fatal, today, about the same percentage are survivable. There are many 19th century texts on the development of surgical technique for treating spinal injuries and 16th-18th century texts on the revival of Europe’s study of anatomy discus the anatomy of the nervous system, however nearly all medical writing from the medieval period does not hail from Europe. The main writings which discuss spinal injuries in this period are those of Paul of Aegina in the 600s which expands upon the techniques of traction that had already been seen since at least Hippocrates, and Avicenna three centuries later who also practiced traction, but maintained that it was only effective in spinal injuries where there was no paralysis, he maintained that an injury causing paralysis was a death sentence. Because the terminology used in the medieval period by anyone other than physicians to describe physical disabilities is generally non-specific (generally “cripple” or “lame”) it is difficult to specify what the life of say someone with quadriplegic cerebral palsy, or someone paralyzed by polio, but we can make some generalizations. Those with wealth and family support would have been cared for for however long they lived, though that may not have been long. The poor and those without caregivers were, as they are today, the least likely to survive long term. But we can say this, disabled people lived their lives during the medieval period, and their loved ones would have cared for them if possible, and they would have found happiness in their lives when possible.

https://pmj.bmj.com/content/81/952/108

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031949/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15264780/

https://historicengland.org.uk/research/inclusive-heritage/disability-history/1050-1485/

https://historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/research/disability-in-time-and-place-pdf/