I’ve recently learned there were a large number of Jews in Georgia in its founding years. What enticed so many Jews to come over, and how did they deal with being the antisemitism they’d have endured?

A few misconceptions, so far as I can tell-

While Georgia did have relatively large numbers of Jews in its early years, relatively is a key word here. There weren't more than 1k-2k Jews in the entirety of the 13 Colonies, divided between a bunch of states (New York, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Georgia, for the most part). About 40-some-odd Jews arrived in Georgia in 1733, upon the founding of the colony, but that was a large percentage of the colony- about a third- without being an actually large number.
While antisemitism did factor into the treatment of the Jews in Georgia in the colonial era, it was not an overwhelming factor in day to day life- Jews were allowed to live in Georgia, though in effect only because the colony trustees had forgotten to ban them along with the Catholics, if you look at it a certain way- and in fact for many initial Jewish immigrants to Georgia, it was a refuge from antisemitism.

Here's the story- the William and Sarah, the second ship to land in Georgia upon the founding of the colony in 1733, included 40 or so Jews, a mix of Portuguese and Central European Jews. (One of the Central European Jewish families in the group, the Minises, ended up bringing into the world the first European child born in Georgia, Philip/Uri.) Upon its arrival, the trustees of the colony in London, who had banned Catholics from the colony but hadn't even considered the idea that there might be Jews (despite the fact that the Portuguese Sefardic Jews of the Bevis Marks Synagogue in London had been donors to the endeavor of establishing the colony, precisely in the hopes that it could become a hospitable place for Jewish settlement), were furious that Jews had landed and demanded that the governor, James Oglethorpe, revoke the permission of these Jews to settle there.

However, Oglethorpe had no desire to do this, in part because of one of the Jewish immigrants, the Portuguese doctor Samuel Nunes Ribeiro. Dr Nunes, as he was known, was a doctor who had lived in Portugal for most of his life, where he had lived as a crypto-Jew- nominally a Christian, but secretly observing Judaism with an everpresent fear of the Inquisition hanging over him. Nunes was caught by the Inquisition in 1703, and after months of imprisonment and torture, during which he was forced to denounce many of his relatives for judaizing, he was released from prison but forced to remain in Lisbon, living as a Christian. It wasn't until 1726 that Nunes was able to escape Portugal as part of a large number of Portuguese crypto-Jews who had been leaving for London over the past few decades, where they were taken care of by the Jews of Bevis Marks Synagogue. Several years after his arrival in England, Nunes and several family members arrived in Georgia as part of the 40 Jews on the William and Sarah- to discover that a plague had broken out in the colony and that the only doctor had died. Nunes was able to use his many years of medical experience to stop the plague, and in part as a result, Oglethorpe disregarded the trustees' wishes and allowed Jews to stay, counting fourteen of these Jews among those to whom he distributed land in Georgia- again over the protests of the trustees in London.

While there was a certain level of antisemitism among other settlers in Georgia, the administrators of the county found the Jews to be excellent residents of Georgia, and particularly noted that some of the Jews were experts in viticulture, something which the colony was attempting to establish as a major industry. In general, Jews had a relatively good relationship with Christian immigrants, with the Central European Jews in the colony (who in Georgia were able to pursue endeavors from which they had been barred by law in Europe) becoming particularly friendly with other German immigrants- with whom they sometimes held themselves to have more in common than with their fellow Jews from Portugal, whose culture and background were incredibly different, something which caused a lot of strife as they attempted to form a community. The German Christians welcomed this friendship as an opportunity to potentially convert these Jews- and in fact attempted conversion may have been one of the bigger frustrations that Jews experienced initially in Georgia, as it's something that several Christian sources at the time discuss as a goal.

After several years of argument between the Central European and Portuguese Jews as they attempted to establish a synagogue, Kahal Kadosh Mickve Israel, in Savannah, while battling over their differing traditions and culture shock, the Portuguese Jews left in 1740-41, mostly to South Carolina. This was probably due to the War of Jenkins's Ear, which left the Portuguese worried that should Spain win and capture Georgia, they would be in renewed danger due to their Jewish observance. The Central European Jews, who had no such ancestral memory, stayed, and while some of the Portuguese Jews trickled back over time (with the addition of others from elsewhere in the colonies), it was largely the Sheftall family, Ashkenazic Jews from Bavaria who became influential citizens of Savannah and important patriots during the Revolution, who held what little remained of the Georgia Jewish community together, along with the German-Jewish Minis family. There were rarely more than a few dozen Jews in Georgia at any given point, whether from its core families or some Jews who were more transient, and while there were some issues of antisemitism regarding the expansion of the Jewish cemetery, which was opposed by a local minister, the situation in Savannah was generally decent for Jews until the community was scattered by the Revolutionary War. It wouldn't be until the 1780s that the synagogue would be officially reestablished for the long term, and in 1790 Mickve Israel received its first official government charter from the new State of Georgia.