Let's say there's a ship's quartermaster on a ship that is participating in the Triangle Trade in the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries, but for some reason, his crew has managed to lose all of their supplies for the voyage from the Bahamas to the American Colonies.
I have found plenty of resources saying that sailors at the time ate mostly ship's biscuit, salted pork, salted fish, and if they were lucky, sauerkraut to keep scurvy at bay. I have also found things like the necessity to bring both fresh water and rum to make grog to sanitize the water somewhat. However, I have not found anything to tell me how much of this a ship might stock. I have also found very little telling me how much shot and powder that ships would typically stock.
I am still uncertain exactly what quantities would have to be bought and how much it would cost. Any sensible quartermaster would of course want his ship's crew to stay fed, watered, and supplied with weapons to avoid mutiny.
The reason this is important to me is because I'm running a TTRPG campaign where the players want to be pirates, and we've talked about wanting to have logistics be important, and I was wondering If I could get a baseline for which supplies they would need, how much of them they would have to buy, and how much it would cost them out of their treasure.
TLDR; How many of what type of supplies would one need to buy to stock a voyage in the Age of Sail, and how much would it cost to do so?
The following is taken from An Account of Two Voyages to New-England, Made during the years 1638, 1663 authored by John Josselyn, Gentleman, and published in the 1670s with its companion, [New-England Rarities Discovered] (https://books.google.com/books/about/New_Englands_Rarities_Discovered.html?id=iWSC6HwiixsC&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button), the first botanical and wildlife book on New England, which are both written in an older English. In addition to use of a medial s (which I have replaced with modern rules), he says things like "bear" instead of "beer" and "followeth" instead of "follows". I have translated most of this quote to modern English, keeping his neato archaic spellings but with (parenthesis) afterwards indicating a more modern translation as well as replacing confusing usage with my terms in [brackets]. Otherwise it is as it appears originally in his book.
The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess, being four men, is as followeth (follows);
Two pieces of Beef, of three pound and 1/4 a piece
Four pound of Bread
One pint 1/2 of Peas
Four gallons of Bear (beer), with Mustard and Vinegar for three fresh days in the week
<break I added for clarity>For four fish days, to each mess per day, two pieces of Codd or Haberdine (Atlantic Cod), making three pieces of [each] fish
One quarter of a pound of Butter
Four pound of Bread
Three quarters of a pound of Cheese
Bear (Beer) as before
Oatmeal per day, for 50 men, Gallon 1, and so proportionable for more or fewer
Thus you see the ships provision, is Beef or Porke (Pork), Fish, Butter, Cheese, Peas, Pottage (vegetable stew), Water-gruel (Oatmeal), Bisket (Biscuit), and six shilling Bear (Beer)
Summary - We see the meat portion above the clarity break is per 4 men for three days. Add to this the fish portion composing the other four days and you'll get weekly rations per 4. These supplies would not cost the same in London as the Bahamas, particularly butter, beef, and cheese (if you could find them in the 1680s Bahamas which I doubt) so that wanders from your question a bit. He goes on;
For private fresh provision, you may carry with you (in case you, or any of yours should be sick at sea) Conserves of Roles, Clove-Gilliflowers, Wormwood, Green Ginger, Burnt Wine, English Spirits, Prunes to stew, Raisons of the Sun, Currance, Sugar, Nutmeg, Mace, Cinnamon, Pepper and Ginger, White Bisket, or Spanish rusk, Eggs, Rice, juice of Lemmons well put up to cure, or prevent the Scurvy. Small Skillets, Pipkins, Porrengers, and small Frying Pans.
Ships didnt have cooks for passengers (they usually did for the crew), though a war or pirate ship would likely be different than a voyage ship like those taken by colonists. Here he is advising to each party to take these items for themselves as opposed to general provisions, if any were to be supplied. If not, he provided what those should be already, split by four people. This isn't a mandatory list and most pirates wouldn't have access nor desire to carry so much. But for a London traveller, it was a proper recommendation.
While he didnt list individual prices for the above, he did go on to list long term provisions - from hogheads of Beef required for a year to how many hats, shovels, or wheelbarrows to buy, what a family of 6 would need, how many copper kettles, muskets, swords, armor plates and pounds of powder & shot, which is all charted with British Lsd markings (L pound, s Shilling, d Pence). It may be viewed in its entirety [here] (https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Account_of_Two_Voyages_to_New_England.html?id=eIlDAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button) and in addition to the above mentioned contains detailed records of his travels to America.