A large-scale collaborative general history is indeed long overdue, not least as you indicate to illustrate why areas responded differently to individual innovations otherwise too readily imagined as of universal applicability (sometimes with disastrous results). But one has only to look at the mammoth multi-volume Agrarian history of England & Wales to visualise the enormity of the task, and then to recall that even there the timing and extent of diffusion of new practices and the associated rise in output remains hotly debated.

For Europe, we have vol 1 (medieval) and (for the early modern period) a section of vol 5 of the Cambridge economic history of Europe and BH Slicher van Bath’s Agrarian history of western Europe AD 500-1850, though both are now getting a bit long in the tooth. Elsewhere there’s a brief treatment in vol 1 (chiefly Mughal) of the Cambridge economic history of India (vol 2 looks only at tenurial aspects), and there are discussions in various volumes of the Cambridge history of China, though it tends to include the topic under wider economic developments. Other large general regional histories tend to devote even less attention to the subject.

Besides cropping arrangements, fruitful avenues of enquiry might include the related but broader interaction and shifting balance between crop and livestock systems; other fertility maintenance methods; selective breeding of plants and animals; the spread and impact of irrigation in dryer regions and improved drainage and land reclamation in wetter ones; the growth of markets and trade in staples as well as more exotic produce; the impact of new crops (most famously the potato in Europe but also sweet potato in China and cassava in Afica, and maize in all of them); changes in product advantage and consumer preference; and the relationship between products and social structure.

I’d like to be able to come up with something more convenient, but my experience is of having to piece together material from an array of more narrowly-focused monographs and journal articles. The statistical publications of the FAO (including its online Faostat database) and its precursor the International Institute of Agriculture offer a guide to the importance of individual products in regional and national output, from which one potentially worthwhile approach is to trace the evolution of those of particular significance. If none of that's much help, it's always worth asking narrower questions here: I've enjoyed illuminating exchanges on the emergence of agriculture in the precolumbian Americas, and there are doubtless knowledgeable folks on colonial and Old World products and practices.