My understanding is that many local languages have adopted various Spanish words as loanwords, but that the language itself is not commonly spoken in the islands. How did this occur when Spanish is still a widely-spoken language in Spain's former territories in Latin America and Equatorial Africa?
Mainly because the Spaniards didn't deal with the archipelago the same way they did their closer colonies. More can always be said on the matter, so any further input is welcome; for the meantime, u/KippyPowers has examined the language issue, and also has a further examination on how it went down.