I've been wanting to find a sort of medieval town/village sort of like this.. https://images.app.goo.gl/B3hZwNw9yok2irf1A where all the houses are close and everyone knows each other, a small place, where there's a town center with events and gatherings, there's the town shop and fruit stand, etc.. I'm not sure very well how to describe it and this might not be the right group to ask, but thanks in advance for any answer!
Just to clarify, do you want to know the name(s) of types of small villages (which got created during medieval times) or are you interested in the progression of early or small scale villages?
This photograph from 1935 suggests that it combines elements of linear and dispersed settlement, in other words the central core appears to be laid out along the main street (presumably reflecting its valley location rather than intent as in the classic "row-plan" village), but with outlying locations that may represent later expansion beyond the original centre. Its core doesn't seem nucleated (clustered around a single point, often surviving as the church). An old (pre-1850) plan might reveal more.