Thanks in advance! Especially looking for visual aids that give an idea of what each civilization is best known for.
I've touched on the chronology of Mesopotamia in these threads:
What are the Assyrians and the Babylonians connection to the Akkadians?
Why is it called the Neo Assyrian Empire and not just the Assyrian Empire?
I go more into more detail in the posts above, but the general chronology of Mesopotamia is as follows:
Early Dynastic (ca. 2900-2350 BCE)
Akkadian period (ca. 2350-2150 BCE)
Ur III period (ca. 2150-2000 BCE)
Old Assyrian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE) / Isin-Larsa period (ca. 2000-1760 BCE)
Old Assyrian period (ca. 2000-1600 BCE) / Old Babylonian period (ca. 1760-1600 BCE)
Middle Assyrian period (ca. 1400-1000 BCE) / Middle Babylonian or Kassite period (ca. 1600-1160 BCE)
Neo-Assyrian period (ca. 1000-609 BCE) / Various Babylonian dynasties (ca. 1160-729 BCE) followed by direct Assyrian rule (729-627 BCE)
Neo-Babylonian period (626-539 BCE)
Achaemenid period (ca. 550-330 BCE)