I’m modern times, men might tease a fellow male for not being able to make his partner orgasm. Has this focus on female pleasure as a validation of masculinity always existed or only in more recent times since women have become more equal?

Not to discourage any further answers because there is always room for more, but these older answers from the FAQ might satisfy you until an answerer in this thread can give you what you need.

This AMA on Roman sexuality by /u/HeyHeyMSE
Ancient Greek men thought the ideal penis was small, what did Ancient Greek women think? by /u/PapiriusCursor (this thread is really great and talks about what Greek women might have enjoyed or expected in bed)
A history of oral sex around the world with answers from /u/CommodoreCoco, /u/LordTiandao and /u/sunagainstgold
Were women thought to have a greater enjoyment of sex throughout history with /u/TFrauline
Was the ability to give a woman an orgasm important to a man's sense of masculinity in ancient Egypt by /u/cleopatra_philopater