Why were women not allowed to be rulers in pre-Colombian society? The Aztec and Maya didn't have any female rulers.

by [deleted]

Did they inherit unfavorable attitudes toward women from when they crossed the Bering Straight?

Mictlantecuhtli

I'm sorry you have the impression that there were no women rulers in pre-Columbian society, but they did exist. Perhaps the most famous Maya woman ruler is Lady Six Sky, who took the throne at the site of Dos Pilas and established a new dynasty in the late 7th century. Another woman ruler is Lady Ol Nal of Palenque who ascended the throne in the late 6th century and ruled for 21 years. Following Lady Ol Nal was a male ruler who ruled briefly until Lady Zac Kuk took the throne in 612 AD until her son, Pacal, was of age three years later. Nonetheless, she appeared to remain powerful until her death in 640 AD (Hewitt 1999: 253-257)

As for the Aztec, while it is true that there were no women huetlatoani, women did rule cities and city-states under Aztec political rule. One woman named Ome Tochtzin, the daughter of Nezahualcoyotl, served as regent or a stand-in ruler until her son was old enough to rule Texcoco. This is reflected in a codex in which she is depicted as a mummy bundle with her name glyph, a typical convention for male Aztec rulers when they die (Diel 2005: 90-92).

A noblewoman in the Codex en Cruz by the name of Cocopin is depicted as the ruler of the secondary town of Tepetlaoztoc. Again, this is inferred by the depiction of a mummy bundle with the associated name glyph.

If we turn our attention to the west, we know from early colonial records that some of the large towns in what became Nueva Galicia were ruled by women. The town of Tonala, located south-east of present-day Guadalajara, was ruled by a woman who initially welcomed the Spanish into the area (Altman 2010: 37). Though I am not certain how long she held her ruler ship after the Spanish began to tighten their grip on the area and demand taxes/tribute.


Altman, Ida. The War for Mexico's West: Indians and Spaniards in New Galicia, 1524-1550. University of New Mexico Press, 2010.

Diel, Lori Boornazian. "Women and political power: The inclusion and exclusion of noblewomen in Aztec pictorial histories." RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics 47.1 (2005): 82-106.

Hewitt, Erika A. "What's in a name: Gender, power, and Classic Maya women rulers." Ancient Mesoamerica 10.2 (1999): 251-262.