Is the claim that modern household appliances have actually increased the amount of housework women do true?

by jkillsl
ManInBlackHat

I must admit a bit of ignorance to this claim since usually I hear the opposite: modern household appliances have been some of the greatest liberators of women in history!

One thing that we need to remember is that household chores, such as laundry, used to be extremely time and labor intensive. Before modern convivences if you wanted to wash clothing or linens (and eventually you have to) it was necessary to make soup (usually lye soap from wood ash), fetch water, boil water, soak, beat the cloth, and allow it to dry, iron, etc. Depending upon how much there was to do the job could take days, assuming that everything was in good repair and nothing needed mending (odds are it did). The work involved was laborious enough that outsourcing it to a "laundress" has been around for a long time - assuming you could afford to do so. Compare that to modern the modern practice of doing laundry; even if you have to go to a laundromat the task is fairly hands off and you can do something else while the machines are doing the work.

To bring things a bit closer to the modern day, off hand I'm aware of a couple studies such as Pew Research Center's "Americans’ Time at Paid Work, Housework, Child Care, 1965 to 2011" which notes that women's housework has fallen from about 30 hours per week in 1965 to about 15 hours per week in 2011 (compared to men who went from about 5 hours per week in 1965 to about 10 hours per week in 2011). This decline in housework is associated with an increase in paid work from about 15 hours per week to about 25 hours per week in 2011. While the focus of the Pew study was not the linkage between appliances and work, we can at least conclude that women are generally doing fewer hours of housework.

However, the linkage between appliances and liberation from housework has been examined, with "Evolving Households: The Imprint of Technology on Life" by Jeremy Greenwood (2019) effectively making the case that on a macroeconomic level, electricity and labor-saving appliances (e.g., washers and dryers) have resulted in a liberation of women from housework (i.e., less time doing it) and also contributed to other social economic trends such as single households becoming more viable (i.e., there's less pressure to marry on both men and women when you can manage most thing on your own).

To summarize, without more information, the claim as written appears to be false. In general the introduction of modern appliances has resulted in the number of hours to do household chores (e.g., laundry) to go down.