Absolutely.
To address this question, it is first necessary to isolate it in time. An ideology of racial “supremacy” is only possible where a social consciousness of humanity being divided up into “races” with particular characteristics has developed; this is a reasonably modern notion, associated with such relatively recent developments as the transatlantic slave trade, social Darwinian pseudoscience, etc. most of which have a specifically European origin.
However, once the ideas of racial supremacy had developed, it proved so attractive (and useful to state-builders) that so-called “Aryans” were not the only ones to be identified (or self-identified) as the “superior race”.
Here, for example, is an article about the Japanese version:
There is a fascinating discussion of the interplay between Japanese claims of kinship with other peoples of Asia (in the events surrounding WW2, the Japanese posed as ‘liberators’ of fellow Asians from European colonialism ... while at the very same time, emphasizing their unique Japanese racial superiority that allowed them the natural ‘leadership’ role in this venture!).