Do we know the names of and what happened to the 27 WWII Black soldiers from the US Eighth Army Quartermaster Truck Company who were arrested and convicted?

by iseeyouasperfect

I was reading this article from The Converstaion: Black troops were welcome in Britain, but Jim Crow wasn’t: the race riot of one night in June 1943, and wondered who these men were and what happened to each of them. I've heard the story before but don't recall ever hearing them named or learning about their lives after the war.

the_howling_cow

The records of the appeal ruling of the men accused of crimes during the "Battle of Bamber Bridge" (night of 24-25 June 1943) are held in one of the volumes titled Holdings and Opinions, Board of Review, Branch Office of the Judge Advocate General, European Theater of Operations. Multiple volumes were produced dealing with appeals related to a variety of crimes committed by U.S. troops, and the resulting proceedings and decisions. In relation to the Bamber Bridge incident, a trial by general courts martial was convened at Army Air Forces Station 586, Camp Griffiss, on the grounds of Bushy Park, Middlesex, England, from 11-19 September 1943. The men, all members of the 1511th, 1513th and 1515th Quartermaster Truck Battalions (Aviation), their charges, and initial penalties imposed are listed below.

The men were charged variously with violating the 66th, 89th, and 96th Articles of War, corresponding to "mutiny or sedition," "good order to be maintained and wrongs redressed," and "all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, all conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the military service, and all crimes or offenses not capital, of which persons subject to military law may be guilty" (charges I, II, and III, respectively). Purcelle T. Johnson, Triplett, James A. Williams. Alexander, Robinson, Bailey, and Doakes were acquitted. Davis, Wade, Gallier, Reed, Hill, Walter Johnson, and Starks were found guilty of "all charges and specifications." Patterson, Ogletree, Cradic, Mack, and James E. Johnson were found not guilty of charge I and its specifications, but guilty of charges II and III and their respective specifications. Edward R. Williams, Jr., Frelot, Saffo, Engram, Flagg, Kirksey, Horton, Arbuckle, Avery, Kendall, Wise, Roach, Smith, Terrell, Grigg, and Magee were found not guilty of charges I and II and their respective specifications, but guilty of charge III and its respective specifications.

On appeal in February 1944, some of the men's sentences were reduced.

Name Initial penalty imposed
Pvt. Fred A. Davis, 19046017 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 15 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
S/Sgt. Philip Wade, 34052926 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 12 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Pvt. Leroy Gallier, 34154618 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 13 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Sgt. Carrol T. Reed, 34145789 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 13 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Cpl. Edward R. Williams, Jr., 34136468 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Cpl. Hillrie Saffo, 34063445 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pfc. Harold F. Frelot, 34154584 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
1st Sgt. George W. Patterson, 13010389 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 9 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Pvt. James D. Hill, 34064160 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 15 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Pvt. William L. Ogletree, 34064159 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 6 years and 6 months, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
T/5 Max I. Cradic, 39232918 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 6 years and 6 months, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pfc. Leve Engram, 34064059 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Beufford Flagg, 39232993 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Jesse F. Kirksey, 34056345 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. James H. Horton, 34062018 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Matthew Arbuckle, 34181309 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. William H. Avery, Jr., 14072962 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 2 years, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Cpl. Hillrie Saffo, 34063445 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Sidney G. Kendall, 34064789 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 3 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Pvt. Kermit R. Mack, 14068043 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 6 years and 6 months, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
Pvt. James H. Wise, 6696370 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Walter Johnson, 32406503 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 14 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY
T/5 Purcelle T. Johnson, 11096029 Not guilty
T/5 Randolph R. Triplett, 32162207 Not guilty
T/5 James A. Williams, 37209332 Not guilty
Pfc. Curtis Alexander, 32314203 Not guilty
Pfc. Pemberton J. Roach, Jr., 11089967 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pfc. Robert Smith, 34245563 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pfc. Bernard Terrell, 32161543 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. Lee Grigg, Jr., 12027912 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 1 year, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
Pvt. James E. Johnson, 33066560 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 8 years, 2912th Disciplinary Training Center, Shepton Mallet, Somerset, England
S/Sgt. Homer E. Robinson, 34145841 Not guilty
T/4 Edward Bailey, 14014726 Not guilty
Cpl. Julius Magee, 14014606 Disapproved
Pvt. Lloyd K. Doakes, 30822281 Not guilty
Pvt. William O. Starks, 35207247 Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement at hard labor, 15 years, Eastern Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Greenhaven, NY

On appeal, the convicted men's sentences were reduced as such:

Name Sentence on appeal
Davis, Hill 10 years
Reed 9 years
Starks 8 years
Wade, Gallier 7 years
Patterson, Ogletree 3 years
Mack, Avery, Cradic, James E. Johnson, Edward R. Williams, Frelot, Saffo, Engram, Kendall, Grigg, Flagg, Kirksey, Horton, Arbuckle, Wise, Roach, Smith, Terrell 1 year