Would they have been seen as blessed by God, or possibly as having sold their soul to the devil?
I've searched around for an answer on the web but found squat, so I came here!
There will always more to be said, but I answered a similar question in this thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/b7ah1s/did_any_people_who_contracted_the_plague_in_the/
The mortality rate of the historical Y. Pestis outbreak like the Black Death was not 100% (ca. 45-60% according to the estimation by Ole J. Benedictow), so many afflicted must have recovered after some time.
As I mentioned in the linked thread, the most famous historical figure who recovered from Y. Pestis was not in the 14th century, but Emperor Justinian of the Eastern Roman Empire in the middle of the 6th century. I find it difficult to offer a proper answer in the latter part of OP's question, though.